• If the noun ends in an unstressed vowel, simply add a letter 's' ​​​​​​​

          perro=perros(dog-dogs) ; gato=gatos(cat-cats)

• If the noun ends in a consonant, add the 'es' ending.

          pan=panes(bread-pieces of bread) ;sociedad=sociedades (society-societies)

• If the word ends in a stressed 'é' vowel, then add the 's' ending.

          café=cafes (coffee-cups of coffee)

• If the word ends in a stressed vowel add 'es'

          maní=maníes (peanut-peanuts)

Regular verbs are those verbs that end in -ar;-er;-ir. Their conjugation in the simple present is quite simple. Just look at the chart below.

To conjugate a verb in the simple present follow the next directions:

1. Identify the infinitive verb ending. For example Mirar ends in -ar
2. Drop the ending, keep the root of the verb. In the example Mir-
3. Select the pronoun you want to conjugate and add the correc ending. Let's see: Yo miro, Tú miras, Él mira, Nosotros miramos, Ellos miran.

One more example with the verb leer:

1. Leer ends in -er.
2. Keep the root Le-
3. Add the ending (yo)leo, (tú)lees,(é/ella)lee,(nosotros)leemos, (ellos/ellas) leen.

A Direct Object pronoun is a noun or pronoun that receives the verb's action.
For example:

Yo=subject; pateo=verb; la pelota=direct object.
Notice how the direct object pronoun in Spanish is placed between the subject and the main verb.

The following chart shows the correspondent object pronoun for each personal pronoun.

Comparative forms in Spanish follow a simple pattern

Let's compare some pets, people, and objects:

*Notice that the word "más" has a tilde (á) as it refers to an increase on something. Without it "mas" means but.

One of the easiest ways to express the future in Spanish is by using the irregular verb "ir" plus one more verb in its infinitive form (termination in -ar,-er,ir) This grammar is quite similar to the "be going to" form in English.

For example:
                                    Yo voy a viajar a México mañana.
                                   (I'm going to travel to Mexico tomorrow.)

To form the negative you use need to add the word "No" before the verb "ir" conjugated.

For example:
                                 Yo no voy a viajar a Mexico mañana.
                                 (I'm not going to travel to Mexico tomorrow.)

If you want to make questions in this form you just need to place the questions marks (¿?) at the begining and the end of the sentence. In speaking you need to use some sort of raising intonation. Very similar to the one you use when asking questions like Do you like coffe? in English.

For example:
                                  Affirmative: (Ellos) van a tomar un táxi.
                                                 (They are going to take a taxi.)
                                  Question:   ¿Van a tomar un táxi?
                                                  (Are they going to take a taxi?)

The verb "tener" in Spanish is equivalent to the verb have in the sense of possession. Notice that the first example "Yo tengo veinte años" means I'm twenty years old. In Spanish, age is thought to be possessed and that is why this is the appropriate form to describe ages.

Common questions with the verb "tener" are:

• ¿Cuántos años tienes? How old are you?
• ¿Cuántos hijos tiene? How many children do you have?
• ¿Cuantos amigos tienes? How many friends do you have?
• ¿Tienes hambre? Are you hungry?
• ¿Tienes novio/novia? Do you have a boyfriend/grilfriend?
• ¿Tienes_______? Do you have_____?

The irregular verb "ir" in Spanish is equivalent to the verb "to go in English"; however, its conjugation for each personal pronoun is as follows:

The Spanish possessive forms with "DE" are equivalent to the possessive English form  's. They follow the formula Object-De+article+owner. Only in the case of the singular masculine can "de" and the article "el" be contracted.

Ser and its conjugations express Profession, Nationality, Origin, Basic characteristics.

• Yo soy dentista.(I'm a dentist.-Profession)
  
• Ella es argentina. (She is Argentinian.-Nationality)
  
• Èl es de Ecuador. (He is from Ecuador-Origin)
  
• Nosotros somos inteligentes. We are intelligent.-Characteristics)
  

Estar and its conjugations express Condition and Location

• Juan y Pedro (Ellos) estan enfermos. (Juan and Pedro are sick-Condition)
  
• Ustedes están en España.(You are in Spain.-Location)
  

Follow these easy steps to tell the time in Spanish:

1. ES/SON
2. LA/LAS
3. (the hour)
4. Y/MENOS
5. (the minutes)
6. DE+LA MAÑANA/LA TARDE/LA NOCHE (in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening)

For example:
(Notice that ES is used only with UNA. For the rest of hours you'll use SON